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The Nemzeti Bajnokság ((:ˈnɛmzɛti ˈbɒjnokʃaːɡ), "National Championship") is the Hungarian professional league for association football clubs. The league is currently known as the OTP Bank Liga for sponsorship reasons,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Az NB I új neve: Monicomp Liga )〕 and it is the highest level of professional league since its inception in 1901. UEFA currently ranks the league 29th in Europe.〔(Country coefficients 2011/12 )〕 Twelve teams compete in the league, playing each other twice, once at home and once away. At the end of the season, the top team enters the qualification for the UEFA Champions League, while the runner-up and the third placed, together with the winner of the Hungarian Cup enters the UEFA Europa League qualification round. The bottom two clubs are relegated to Nemzeti Bajnokság II, the second-level league, to be replaced by the winner and the runner up of the NB2. ==History== On 19 January 1901, the Hungarian Football Federation was founded. The first match was played between Budapesti TC and Budapesti SC in the first season of the Hungarian League in 1901. The first championship included five teams such as Budapesti TC, Magyar Úszó Egylet, Ferencváros, Műegyetemi AFC (was withdrawn after four matches), and Budapesti SC, all from the capital city Budapest. The first championship was won by Budapesti TC.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=1901.évi bajnokság )〕 Although the two first championships were won by Budapesti TC, the 1900s was the beginning of the rivalry between Ferencváros and MTK Budapest.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hungary - List of Final Tables 1901-1910 )〕 In the 1910s and 1920s the championship was dominated by Ferencváros and MTK. In the 1930s, the rivalry between Ferencváros and MTK Budapest expanded with another club, Újpest FC (at that time not part of Budapest). One of the most iconic figure of the 1930s Hungarian football was Újpest's Zsengellér who managed to top goalscorer three times in a row in the 1930s. Ferencváros's Sárosi and MTK Budapest's Cseh and Újpest's Zsengellér were the embodiment of the rivalry of the three clubs from Budapest, named Budapest derby.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hungary - List of Final Tables 1931-1940 )〕 In the 1940s, Csepel could win its first title which was followed by two other titles in 1942 and 1943. During the World War II there were no interruptions in the Hungarian league. Due to the expansion of the territories of the country, new clubs could re-join the league such as Nagyvárad and Kolozsvár. The second half of the 1940s was dominated by Újpest by winning the championship in 1945, 1946 and 1947.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hungary - List of Final Tables 1941-1950 )〕 In the 1950s, the dominance of Ferencváros and MTK weakened by the emergence of Honvéd with players such as Puskás, Bozsik, Czibor and Budai. Later these players played in the final of the 1954 FIFA World Cup. In the 1950s, Honvéd could win the championship five times. During the early 1950s, Honvéd players formed the backbone of the legendary Mighty Magyars. In 1956 the Hungarian league was suspended due to the Hungarian Revolution. The league was led by Honvéd after 21 rounds but the championship has never been finished.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hungary - List of Final Tables 1951-1960 )〕 In the first season (1955-56) of the European Cup, MTK Budapest reached the quarter-finals while in the 1957-58 season Vasas Budapest played in the semi-finals of the European Cup. In the 1960s, the rivalry between the clubs from Budapest expanded with Vasas. Vasas could win four titles in the 1960s (1961, 1962, 1965 and 1966). Ferencváros was led by Albert who became top goal scorer in 1965 and also was named European Footballer of the Year in 1967. The 1960s can be considered as the most successful period of the Hungarian clubs on international turf. In 1965 Ferencváros became the most successful team of the Hungarian League in the European competitions having won the 1964-65 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. In addition, Albert was named European Footballer of the Year in 1967. He is the most successful Ferencváros since the formation of the club, scoring 255 goals in 351 matches from 1958–74.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hungary - List of Final Tables 1961-1970 )〕 The 1970s is associated with Baróti's Újpest since the club could win seven titles. In the 1973-74 European Cup season Újpest reached the semi-finals where Bayern Munich stopped their campaign. The key of the Magic Újpest was famous forward formation of Fazekas, Göröcs, Bene, Dunai II, Zámbó. Bene became the leader of Újpest and also top goalscorer three times in the 1970s. He also led the Hungarian national football team to win the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. Újpest set new post-war records by scoring 500 goals in the seven seasons or losing only 4 home matches in 10 seasons. Törőcsik and Fekete joined Újpest after Göröcs, Bene and Dunai left the team. In 1978 and 1979 they won the Hungarian title again with former player Várhidi as the head coach. The Újpest fans called Törökcsik (or Törö) as the 'magician' since he was able to make unbelieveble dribbles, unexpected assists to teammates. László Fekete won the European Silver shoe.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hungary - List of Final Tables 1971-1980 )〕 In 1982 Győr won the championship becoming the first non-Budapest team who could win the Hungarian league (except Nagyvárad during the World War II). Győr could repeat the triumph in the following year in 1983. However, the 1980s was dominated by Honvéd who celebrated its second heyday during the 1980s.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hungary - List of Final Tables 1981-1990 )〕 Due to the collapse of the Communist era the Hungarian football clubs lost the support of the state. Therefore, many clubs faced with financial problems which effects are still present in the Hungarian football. However, the 1990s were still dominated by the 'traditional' clubs of the championships such Ferencváros, MTK, Újpest. Frencváros finished always in the top three, except for the 1993–94 season, when they finished 4th. The financial problems affected the performance of the clubs outside the Hungarian League as well. Hungarian clubs could not compete with the European counterparts. Moreover, the Bosman ruling also had a deep impact on the Hungarian League. Since big European clubs could invest loads of money into football, clubs from the Eastern Bloc were restricted to employ only home nationals.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hungary - List of Final Tables 1991-2000 )〕 In the 2000s new clubs became champions, mainly from rural Hungary. In 2002 Bozsik's Zalaegerszeg won the championship. Debrecen won the Hungarian league in 2005,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=First at last for Debrecen )〕 2006,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Debrecen clinch title at the death )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Debrecen did it again )〕 2007,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Debrecen sign off in style )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Debrecen awaits victory parade )〕 2009,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Debrecen wrap up Hungarian honours )〕 2010.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Debrecen complete double with Hungarian Cup )〕 In 2008 MTK could win.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=MTK claim title after five-year wait )〕 The dominance of the rural clubs continued in the 2010s. In 2011 and 2015 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Videoton champions of Hungary again )〕 Székesfehérvár's Videoton won the championship. In 2013 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gutsy Győr crowned Hungarian champions )〕 Győr and in 2014 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Debrecen crowned champions of Hungary )〕 Debrecen could win the Hungarian League title. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nemzeti Bajnokság I」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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